Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_FormTag::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/form-tag.php on line 396

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_FormTag::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/form-tag.php on line 388

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_FormTag::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/form-tag.php on line 382

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_FormTag::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/form-tag.php on line 400

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_Validation::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/validation.php on line 78

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_Validation::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/validation.php on line 72

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_Validation::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/validation.php on line 59

Deprecated: Return type of WPCF7_Validation::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/validation.php on line 82

Deprecated: Return type of WC_DateTime::setTimezone($timezone) should either be compatible with DateTime::setTimezone(DateTimeZone $timezone): DateTime, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/includes/class-wc-datetime.php on line 57

Deprecated: Return type of WC_DateTime::getOffset() should either be compatible with DateTime::getOffset(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/includes/class-wc-datetime.php on line 47

Deprecated: Return type of WC_DateTime::getTimestamp() should either be compatible with DateTime::getTimestamp(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/includes/class-wc-datetime.php on line 68

Deprecated: Return type of WC_Meta_Data::jsonSerialize() should either be compatible with JsonSerializable::jsonSerialize(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/includes/class-wc-meta-data.php on line 50

Deprecated: Constant FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING is deprecated in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/src/conditionals/third-party/elementor-edit-conditional.php on line 22

Deprecated: Constant FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING is deprecated in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/src/conditionals/third-party/elementor-edit-conditional.php on line 28
Richmond was, and remains, A Place for African-American Entrepreneurs
Deprecated: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/rjohnson682/kolumnmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/src/generators/schema-generator.php on line 176
Now Reading
Richmond was, and remains, A Place for African-American Entrepreneurs

Richmond was, and remains, A Place for African-American Entrepreneurs

John Mitchell Jr., Richmond Virginia Entrepreneurs, African American Entrepreneurs, Black Businesses, KOLUMN Magazine, Kolumn

Richmond was, and remains, A Place for African-American Entrepreneurs
BY LOUIS LLOVIO | RICHMOND TIMES-DISPATCH

[mashshare]
Starting a business never has been easy for anyone, but historically, African-American entrepreneurs have had a particularly difficult time.

[two_third padding=”0 30px 0 0″] Like all entrepreneurs working after the Civil War, blacks were faced with issues that made keeping a business afloat tough — soil exhaustion, poor job prospects, crumbling infrastructure and slow industrial growth.

But they also were dealing with practices and laws intended to stifle their economic development.
Even though they were free, they needed permission to trade, sell liquor in certain areas, or testify against white customers who wouldn’t pay. As for sharecroppers, they barely turned a profit after paying rent.

Maggie L Walker, Richmond Virginia Entrepreneurs, African American Entrepreneurs, Black Businesses, KOLUMN Magazine, Kolumn
Maggie Lena Walker was grand secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke, an organization dedicated to the social and financial advancement of African Americans.

That’s why starting in the late 19th century and continuing deep into the 20th century, black business districts sprung up across the South, including Richmond’s Jackson Ward and Petersburg’s Triangle, said Patrice Perry-Rivers, a professor at Virginia State University’s Reginald F. Lewis College of Business who also directs VSU’s Center for Entrepreneurship, which was founded last year.

Both her work at the center and as a professor give Perry-Rivers a unique perspective on the history of black-owned businesses and how to continue growing what became a strong tradition.[/two_third][one_third_last padding=”0 0px 0 10px”] KOLUMN Magazine Author Information_v3

MAGGIE LENA WALKER


Maggie Lena Walker was grand secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke, an organization dedicated to the social and financial advancement of African Americans.
Source: Biography.com






[/one_third_last]



READ MORE RICHMOND TIMES-DISPATCH

Scroll To Top